Threats to pollinators and pollination services are recognised worldwide as jeopardising ecosystem functioning and the benefits that pollinators provide to people. Intensive agricultural practices are among the principal threats to pollinator biodiversity and the crop pollination services that pollinators provide by producing landscapes lacking sufficient habitat and floral diversity to support pollinators. Furthermore, while modern crop-breeding has produced substantial gains in productivity and nutritional quality of food, typically crop breeding approaches have overlooked the benefits of pollination for sustained crop yields in favour of other crop traits.
This combination of unsustainable intensive management practices and prevailing crop breeding approaches contributes to pressure on both pollinator biodiversity and the yield of many economically important crops grown in Europe that depend, partly or fully, on insect pollination services. There is therefore a need to transform agriculture in ways that support crop yields and food security while avoiding negative impacts that undermine the natural foundations upon which agriculture itself is ultimately reliant.